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M.D. Professor, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara/TURKEY Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is the main reason for the visual loss and blindness in diabetes. DR can develop in 75% of type 1 and 50% of type 2 diabetics. In 50% of patients with DM diabetic macular edema can be observed. It is predicted that in next twenty years 360 million people worldwide will suffer from diabetes and its complications. Insight into etiopathogenesis of DR is important in the development of new agents for the prevention and treatment of this complication. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, retinopathy, pathogenesis