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Prof. Dr., İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Macular hole which has been known for about hundred years, was not a problem from the point of ophthalmologist. Because there was no treatment.Kelly and Wendel changed the paradigm in 1991 by publishing the report that is claiming 70 % success afer pars plana vitrectomy, posterior hyaloid removal and gas tamponade in the treatment of macular hole. Since then, macular hole became a problem for ophthalmologist. Questions in macular hole surgery can be divided into 2 periods. Problems in modern period which is between 1991 and 2011, were selection of tamponading agent, peeling or not peeling internal limiting membrane( ILM), duration of posturing, selection of staining dye and prediction of anatomical and functional results before surgery. Problems in postmodern period which is between 2011 and today, were what to do in failed sırgıcal interventios and reopenings, old holes with large diameter and success rate in cases who have macular hole associated with other macular diseases such as age related macular degeneration. Keywords : Macular hole, surgical treatment