Material and Methods: Cases with the diagnosis DME and with central macular thickness (CMT)?300 ?m, despite treatment with at least 4 IVR injections of which 3 were consecutive, were included in the study. Medical records of the cases were evaluated retrospectively. Demographical datas, interventions before IVA therapy, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CMT measured with optical coherence tomography before and after the IVA therapy of the patients were recorded.

Results: Seventen eyes of 11 cases (7 female and 4 male), were included in the study. The mean age was 61.8±12 years. The cases had received a mean number of 7.2±4 IVR injections during a mean 11.6±5.7 months follow-up before afl ibercept therapy. The mean BCVA of the cases before and after the 3 consecutive IVA injections were 0.63±0.32 and 0.54 ±0.33 LogMAR, respectively (p=0.005). The mean CMT of the cases before and after the 3 consecutive IVA injections were 471±74 and 338±88 ?m, respectively (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In most of the cases which were converted to aflibercept, successful results were reached both anatomically and visually in short term. Conversion to aflibercept may be an effective alternative therapy in DME cases with incomplete response to ranibizumab. Keywords : Diabetic macular edema, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Tachyphlaxis