Materials and Method: We retrospectively evaluated patients who presented to our retina department and underwent surgical treatment with diagnosis of SMH between 2014 and 2017. In all patients included, the SMH etiologies, measurements of SMH thickness and area, duration and types of treatment modalities and complications were noted. Pre-and-postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) values were also recorded.

Results: Overall, 54 eyes of 53 patients were included. The mean age was 69.4±13.0 (13-93) years while mean follow-up duration was 5.8±10.5 (3-43) months. The most common etiology was neovascular age-related macular degeneration (55.6%); followed by polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (22.2%). It was noted that the mean BCVA was 2.0±0.8 (0.3-3) logMAR while the mean SMH thickness was 662.5±330.0 (197-1615) ?m and the mean SMH area was 31.5±26.5 (2.8-145.3) mm2 at presentation. A signifi cant improvement was found in mean BCVA (0.28 logMAR) at the fi nal visit (p=0.041). No signifi cant relationship was found between BCVA improvement and SMH thickness or area at presentation (p>0.05)(r=-0.181). The mean time from symptom onset to SMH treatment was 13.7±16.3 (1-95) days. There was a negative correlation between the time from symptom onset to SMH treatment and BCVA improvement (p<0.001)(r=-0.548). There was a signifi cant difference between CMT values at baseline and those on months 1, 3, 6, 12 and at fi nal visit (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The different surgical approaches employed in cases with SMH due to various etiologies can provide signifi cant improvement in visual prognosis. The time from symptom onset to SMH treatment is a signifi cant predictor for the fi nal visual acuity achieved by treatment. Keywords : Submacular hemorrhage, Etiology, surgery, Pars plana vitrectomy, Subretinal t-PA injection