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SB Ankara Hastanesi Göz Kliniği Optic nerve sheath decompression (ONSD) is a surgical technique which is commonly accepted in the surgical treatment of pseudotumor cerebri. The indication for ONSD in many other conditions are controversial. The mechanism by which ONSD works is still obscure. The most common postoperative complications of ONSD are transient pupillary dysfunction and ocular motility disorders. Rarely vascular complications may cause permanent blindness. Indications, surgical technique, mechanism, and complications of ONSD will be discussed in this article. Keywords : Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression