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Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları A.D., Ankara. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), is characterized by membrane formation and tractional retinal detachment as a result of abnormal retinal wound healing and is the most important cause of failure of retinal detachment surgery. PVR pathogenesis consists of inflammation, proliferation and contraction stages. Although the treatment mainly relies on surgery, some pharmacological agents might be helpful in preventing PVR and be used as adjuvant to surgery. Among these are some antiinflammatory and antiproliferative agents and substances that prevent production and contraction of extracellular matrix. Besides, a number of genetic approaches for prophylaxis of PVR have recently been studied. Further investigations are still being carried out in order to find an effective, non-toxic, and applicable way of preventing and treating PVR. Keywords : Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinal detachment, medical therapy.